Emerging Concepts of Tumor Exosome–Mediated Cell-Cell Communication by Huang-Ge Zhang

Author:Huang-Ge Zhang
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer New York, New York, NY

Keywords

ExosomesNanoparticlesIntercellular communicationAutocrineParacrineEndocrine

5.1 Introduction

Exosomes are small bilayer-membrane-bound nanoparticles that typically are flattened ovoid-like structures, which have been described as cup-shaped (blood) or doughnut-shaped (saliva), depending upon how and from where exosomes are isolated. They are released from normal and diseased cells via fusion of intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with cellular membranes and subsequent extracellular release of these nanovesicles from MVBs [1–5]. After their release from cells, a proportion of exosomes enters the lymphatic-vascular system and are transported to distant sites [6]. Thus, both normal and diseased individuals have exosomes present in their blood and other bodily fluids. Care should be taken when referring to exosomes in that the terminology, “cytoplasmic exosomes” or sometimes just “exosomes,” also is used to describe the 3′–5′ exoribonuclease complex, which functions in mRNA and apoptotic DNA degradation and other pathways [7]. The 3′– 5′ exoribonuclease complex will not be discussed.

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.